Scale bar is 1cm

Phalaris and Canary-grasses - introduced (*Phalaris species)

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Phalaris

Phalaris has annual and perennial species. The flowers are clustered into a more or less cylindrical cluster. The glumes are strongly keeled. The lemmas are similar in appearance . All lemmas may produce seed, or only one per spikelet.

img Phalaris (*Phalaris aquatica)
Very common. Tussock forming perennial. Glumes keeled but not toothed.
img Lesser Canary-grass (*Phalaris minor)
Annual. Glumes keeled and toothed. All lemmas similar.
img Paradoxical Canary-grass (*Phalaris paradoxa)
Annual. Fertile lemma surrounded by infertile lemmas. Lemmas toothed. Uncommon.